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Premature birth, or prematurity, is when a baby is born before the typical gestation period of 37 weeks. Pediatric neonatologists play a vital role in managing the immediate and long-term effects of preterm births. Babies born before this period are likely to have more hospitals and/or need to stay in the hospital longer than the babies that are born after the stated gestation period. Needless to say, preterm babies need an increased amount of care.
If premature babies have an extremely low birth weight, they will sadly face a lot of challenges. Their lungs, brain, and other essential organs are underdeveloped. This can lead to RDS or respiratory distress syndrome and difficulty feeding the baby. That being said, the impact of prematurity goes beyond the neonatal period. It affects the long-term health and development of the baby.
Neonatology specialists recommend early interventions as they are crucial for alleviating the risks that are associated with prematurity. From specialized care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to follow-up programs, the objective of these interventions is to make sure that preterm children get the best possible care and start.
Preterm infants are often admitted to NICUs after they are born. Under the supervision of these doctors, these infants received specialized care such as:
Despite pediatric neonatologists finding success in improving the survival rates of preterm infants, there will be long-term health issues. Along with other specialists, the experts collaborate to address challenges like:
If a child is born prematurely, there will be a risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Cerebral Palsy affects the part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement. This can lead to problems with balance, movement, and posture.
Some studies have shown that preterm children have a higher likelihood of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD than those who are born after the gestation period is over. This condition makes it hard for people to control their behaviour and pay attention.
Bronchopulmonary Dyslexia, more commonly known as BPD is a condition that a lot of preterm babies who need prolonged respiratory support. They may suffer from frequent wheezing, asthma, or other breathing problems throughout their childhood.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) involves abnormal blood vessels affecting the retina. This can lead to visual problems and, if untreated, can lead to blindness. Hearing loss is another concern due to factors such as infections or the use of ototoxic medications in the NICU.
Preterm births can lead to cardiovascular issues such as hypertension and heart diseases later in life. Therefore, it is important to take good care of the heart from an early age.
The role of a neonatology doctor does not end when the preterm baby is discharged from the NICU. They need long-term care and follow-up programs are in place to monitor developmental touchpoints and manage any emergency concerns. The follow-up care will generally include keeping track of cognition, movements, physical and neurological development, and language. The doctors can also carry out cardiology and radiology if additional expertise is needed. They can also educate parents on how to support the growth and development of their children at home.
The best help a preterm baby can get, after help from a pediatric neonatalogist, is early intervention. Timely educational and therapeutic interventions can improve the outcomes of preterm children. The services can include:
Medicines can be given to your children for a range of reasons; some of them may help in the proper functioning of the heart and lungs. Depending on the health of the infant, the medications may include:
S.N. Super Speciality Hospital in Sri Ganganagar offers comprehensive care for premature babies through its Pediatrics & Neonatology Department. The hospital is equipped to manage full-term and premature infants, including those with very low birth weight (down to 675 grams). It provides specialised neonatal care such as neonatal ventilation and management of complex neonatal conditions.
Dr. Lovisha Damri is a key member of the team providing care for newborns and children, including premature infants. While she is identified as a pediatrician, the hospital’s neonatology department is managed by highly skilled specialists trained in newborn care.
For immediate assistance or to consult with a pediatric neonatologist regarding premature baby care, you can contact our Pediatrics & Neonatology Department. The hospital’s expert team is available for outpatient consultations, emergency care, and specialized clinics.
Being parents to a preterm baby can be overwhelming, but thanks to neonatology doctors whose care strategies are helping many premature babies overcome developmental challenges. Early intervention, family support, and medical advancements are helping children lead fulfilling lives.
Yes, premature babies are at a higher risk of health problems later in life compared to babies born at term, particularly those born very prematurely or with extremely low birth weight.
Premature birth can impact a child’s development across various domains, including physical, cognitive, and behavioral. While many premature babies make significant catch-up gains, some may experience lasting challenges.”
Premature birth can lead to a variety of long-term health problems, including developmental delays, respiratory issues, and cardiovascular problems. Premature infants may also face a higher risk of learning disabilities, hearing and vision problems, and behavioral issues.
